Model testing is a research area that involves evaluating and validating mathematical or computational models to ensure their accuracy and reliability in simulating real-world phenomena. This process often includes comparing model predictions with empirical data, conducting sensitivity analyses, and verifying key assumptions to assess the model's performance. Model testing is essential for confirming the credibility of models and enhancing their applicability in decision-making processes across various fields, such as environmental science, engineering, economics, and social sciences.